100 is a leap year. Facts and signs about leap year that you didn't know about

First a note. Not every 4th year is a leap year. We'll explain why later.

A normal year has 365 days. A leap year has 366 days - a day more, due to the addition of an additional day under the number 29 to the month of February, as a result of which those born on this day experience certain difficulties in celebrating their birthday.

A year is the time it takes for planet Earth to complete one revolution around the Sun in relation to the stars (apparently measured as the interval between two successive passages of the Sun through the vernal equinox).

A day (or often in everyday speech - a day) is the time during which the Earth makes one revolution around its axis. As you know, there are 24 hours in a day.

It turns out that a year does not fit exactly the number of days. There are 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45.252 seconds in a year. If a year is taken to be equal to 365 days, then it turns out that the Earth in its orbital movement will not “reach” the point at which the circle “closes”, i.e. to get to it you need to fly in orbit for another 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45.252 seconds. These extra approximately 6 hours over 4 years will just be collected into one additional day, which was introduced into the calendar to eliminate the backlog, receiving every 4th year leap year- a day longer. He did this on January 1, 45 BC. e. Roman dictator Gaius Julius Caesar, and the calendar has since become known as Julian. In fairness, it must be said that Julius Caesar introduced a new calendar only by authority, and, of course, astronomers calculated and proposed it.

The Russian word "leap year" comes from the Latin expression "bis sextus" - "second sixth". The ancient Romans counted the days of the month remaining until the beginning of the next month. So February 24th was the sixth day until the beginning of March. In a leap year, an additional, second (bis sextus) sixth day was inserted between February 24 and February 25. Later this day began to be added to the end of the month, February 29.

So, according to the Julian calendar, every 4th year is a leap year.

But it is easy to notice that 5 hours, 48 minutes and 45.252 seconds are not exactly 6 hours (11 minutes 14 seconds are missing). Of these 11 minutes and 14 seconds, over 128 years, another extra day will “run up.” This was noticed from astronomical observations by the shift of the vernal equinox, relative to which church holidays, in particular Easter, are calculated. By the 16th century the lag was 10 days (today it is 13 days). To eliminate it, Pope Gregory XIII carried out a calendar reform ( Gregorian calendar), according to which not every 4th year was a leap year. Years divisible by one hundred, i.e. ending with two zeros, were not leap years. The only exceptions were years divisible by 400.

So, leap years are years: 1) divisible by 4, but not by 100 (for example, 2016, 2020, 2024),

Note that the Russian Orthodox Church refused to switch to the Gregorian calendar and lives according to the old Julian calendar, which is 13 days behind the Gregorian. If the church continues to refuse to switch to the generally accepted Gregorian calendar, then in a few hundred years the shift will become such that, for example, Christmas will be celebrated in the summer.

sharky:
03/25/2013 at 16:04

Why on earth is 1900 not a leap year? A leap year occurs every 4 years, i.e. If it is divisible by 4, it is a leap year. And no more divisions by 100 or 400 are needed.

It’s normal to ask questions, but before you assert anything, study the hardware. The Earth revolves around the sun in 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. As you can see, the remainder is not exactly 6 hours, but 11 minutes 14 seconds less. This means that by making a leap year we add extra time. Somewhere over 128 years, extra days accumulate. Therefore, every 128 years in one of the 4-year cycles there is no need to make a leap year in order to get rid of these extra days. But to simplify things, every 100th year is not a leap year. Is the idea clear? Fine. What then should we do next, since an extra day is added every 128 years, and we cut it off every 100 years? Yes, we cut off more than we should, and this needs to be returned at some point.

If the first paragraph is clear and still interesting, then read on, but it will be more difficult.

So, in 100 years, 100/128 = 25/32 days of excess time accumulates (that’s 18 hours 45 minutes). We do not make a leap year, that is, we subtract one day: we get 25/32-32/32 = -7/32 days (that’s 5 hours 15 minutes), that is, we subtract the excess. After four cycles of 100 years (after 400 years), we will subtract an extra 4 * (-7/32) = -28/32 days (this is minus 21 hours). For the 400th year we make a leap year, that is, we add a day (24 hours): -28/32+32/32=4/32=1/8 (that’s 3 hours).
We make every 4th year a leap year, but at the same time every 100th year is not a leap year, and at the same time every 400th year is a leap year, but still every 400 years an extra 3 hours are added. After 8 cycles of 400 years, that is, after 3200 years, an extra 24 hours will accumulate, that is, one day. Then another mandatory condition is added: every 3200th year should not be a leap year. 3200 years can be rounded up to 4000, but then you will again have to play with added or trimmed days.
3200 years have not passed, so this condition, if it is made this way, is not yet talked about. But 400 years have already passed since the approval of the Gregorian calendar.
Years that are multiples of 400 are always leap years (for now), other years that are multiples of 100 are not leap years, and other years that are multiples of 4 are leap years.

The calculation I gave shows that in the current state, an error in one day will accumulate over 3200 years, but here’s what Wikipedia writes about it:
“An error of one day compared to the year of the equinoxes in the Gregorian calendar will accumulate in approximately 10,000 years (in the Julian calendar - approximately in 128 years). A frequently encountered estimate, leading to a value of the order of 3000 years, is obtained if one does not take into account that the number of days in the tropical year changes over time and, in addition, the relationship between the lengths of the seasons changes.” From the same Wikipedia, the formula for the length of a year in days with fractions paints a good picture:

365,2425=365+0,25-0,01+0,0025=265+1/4-1/100+1/400

The year 1900 was not a leap year, but 2000 was, and special, because such a leap year happens once every 400 years.

A leap year (Latin bis sextus - “second sixth”) is a year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars, the duration of which is 366 days - one day longer than the duration of a regular, non-leap year. In the Julian calendar, every fourth year is a leap year; in the Gregorian calendar there are exceptions to this rule.

A year is a conventional unit of time, which historically meant a single cycle of seasons (spring, summer, autumn, winter). In most countries, the calendar year is 365 or 366 days. Currently, the year is also used as a time characteristic of the revolution of planets around stars in planetary systems, in particular the Earth around the Sun.

The calendar year in the Gregorian and Julian calendars is 365 days in non-leap years, and 366 days in leap years. The average length of the year is 365.2425 days for the Gregorian calendar and 365.25 days for the Julian calendar.

The calendar year in the Islamic calendar contains 353, 354 or 355 days - 12 lunar months. The average length of the year is 354.37 days, which is less than the tropical year, and therefore Muslim holidays “roam” according to the seasons.

The calendar year in the Hebrew calendar contains 353, 354 or 355 days in a common year and 383, 384 or 385 days in a leap year. The average length of the year is 365.2468 days, which is close to the tropical year.

The length of the tropical year (the time between the two spring equinoxes) is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. The difference in the length of the tropical year and the average Julian calendar year (365.25 days) is 11 minutes 14 seconds. From these 11 minutes and 14 seconds, one day is added up in approximately 128 years.

Over the centuries, a shift in the day of the vernal equinox, with which church holidays are associated, was noticed. By the 16th century, the spring equinox occurred about 10 days earlier than March 21, which is used to determine the day of Easter.

To compensate for the accumulated error and avoid such a shift in the future, in 1582 Pope Gregory XIII carried out a calendar reform. To make the average calendar year more consistent with the solar year, it was decided to change the rule of leap years. As before, a year whose number was a multiple of four remained a leap year, but an exception was made for those that were a multiple of 100. From now on, such years were leap years only when they were also divisible by 400.

In other words, a year is a leap year in two cases: either it is a multiple of 4, but not a multiple of 100, or a multiple of 400. A year is not a leap year if it is not a multiple of 4, or it is a multiple of 100, but not a multiple of 400.

The last years of centuries ending in two zeros are not leap years in three cases out of four. Thus, the years 1700, 1800 and 1900 are not leap years, since they are a multiple of 100 and not a multiple of 400. The years 1600 and 2000 are leap years, since they are a multiple of 400. The years 2100, 2200 and 2300 are not leap years. In leap years, an additional day is introduced - February 29. The Catholic world lives according to the Julian calendar. Unlike the Julian calendar, the Gregorian calendar takes into account only one object - the Sun.

Now we live according to the Julian calendar (new style), before the revolution we lived according to the Gregorian calendar (old style). The difference between the old and new styles was 11 days in the 18th century, 12 days in the 19th century, and 13 days in the 20th and 21st centuries. In the 22nd century, this difference will already be 14 days. The Gregorian calendar was introduced under Soviet rule on February 14, 1918 (after January 31, it was no longer February 1, but immediately the 14th). The last leap year was, the next one will be.

1996, 1992, 1988, 1984, 1980, 1976, 1972, 1968, 1964, 1960, 1956, 1952, 1948, 1944, 1940, 1936, 1932, 1928, 1924, 1920, 191 6, 1912, 1908, 1904, Gregorian According to the Julian calendar, 1900 is a leap year. 1896.

Note: For most computer and mobile systems, valid dates are from December 13, 1901, 20:45:54 GMT to January 19, 2038, 03:14:07 GMT. (These dates correspond to the minimum and maximum value of a 32-bit signed integer.) For Windows, valid dates are 01/01/1970 to 01/19/2038.

For most people who believe in omens, it is very important to know in advance all the most important information about a certain time period. In particular, this concerns the leap year of a particular year, since some warnings are associated with this situation. According to popular interpretation, it is during periods lasting not the usual 365, but 366 days, that one should be wary of various disasters, conflicts, wars and other misfortunes. This is probably why the question of whether 2019 is a leap year or not is considered so relevant.

Leap year concept

Anyone who truly believes in the destructive power of an extra day in February can breathe a sigh of relief - 2019 consists of a standard number of days (365).

For the first time, the very concept of a leap year appeared in the time of Julius Caesar. The great ruler ordered that the best astronomers of that time introduce the concept of the astronomical year and determine the number of days of which it consists. After some time, the result was ready - a year is formed from 365 days and 6 additional hours. It turns out that each subsequent period had to move forward 6 hours. To solve the problem of aligning time frames, it was decided to introduce the concept of a leap year - a period of time in which there will be 1 day more than in a standard year. Caesar liked this idea, and since then every fourth year has been considered “special.”

Since the last leap year was 2016, next time the same fate awaits 2020. On the one hand, there can be nothing wrong with an additional 24 hours a year, but on the other hand, it is impossible to imagine such a vast number of superstitions invented out of nowhere. What lies behind all these instructions and is it worth believing in them at all?

Signs about leap year

If we consider the situation from a logical point of view, the noted time period differs from the typical one by only 1 additional day. The people attach extreme importance to such an outcome. Previously, February 29 was called Kasyan's day - an unlucky day when various troubles happen to a person.

According to popular beliefs, you can’t start something new during a leap year, because you still won’t achieve the desired result. Any novelty in a given year becomes the cause of a negative outcome and adversity. In fact, during the 366-day period, you should not plan a wedding, move, change jobs, or even have pets. It is recommended to postpone this entire list of tasks until next year. Also, at this hour you should not start construction, go on long trips and cut your hair during pregnancy until the birth itself.

In fact, everyone decides for themselves whether to believe in the listed warnings. You shouldn’t take all the signs too seriously either, otherwise you’ll have to “walk on tiptoe” every 4 years of your life. It’s just that earlier, when people could not explain the cause of some cataclysm or misfortune, the leap year became the main culprit of all troubles. In reality, disasters happen all the time, don't they?

Leap year wedding

A separate topic for discussion is the ban on marriage in a year consisting of 366 days. According to signs, such a union will 100% turn out to be unhappy and will definitely fall apart in the future. For this reason, most modern couples who decide to legalize their relationship delay this process until a more standard time period.

In fact, such a sign is too contradictory. In the old days, leap year was called the period of brides. According to ancient custom, girls had the opportunity to woo the guy they liked, and the most interesting thing is that he could not refuse. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the most inconspicuous brides chose as their grooms the most wealthy and prominent gentlemen, with whom they were usually secretly in love. It was precisely because of the couple’s inequality that such unions very soon fell apart, since there was no happiness at all. Therefore, the belief arose that getting married during a leap year is a bad idea.

The clergy conducting the wedding ceremony insist that the well-being of the couple depends entirely on the newlyweds themselves. And neither Which a leap year or a wedding at the wrong time cannot disturb the harmony between the future spouses, if such exists.

What should we expect from 2019?

Since the period being described is not a leap year, even those who firmly believe in the signs associated with this time can breathe a sigh of relief - the coming 12 months will pass in relative calm. According to astrologers, in 2019 it will be possible to resolve many conflict situations, finally say goodbye to the crisis, and establish new contacts. This is connected with the mistress of the described period – the Yellow Pig, who is a symbol of friendliness, joy, tranquility and prudence.

In the love sphere, 2019 is considered an excellent period for starting a family, having a child, establishing a romantic connection or restoring friendships. Many lonely hearts will have a chance to find their destiny and find long-awaited happiness.

The stars indicate that 2019 is considered an ideal period for starting your own business or moving up the career ladder. The pig symbolizes self-confidence, determination and endless hope for the best. Those who demonstrate the noted qualities will be guaranteed good luck for the whole year. Many will be able to realize their own potential and reach their intended peaks. True, it should be understood that sooner or later the time will come when you will have to answer for every decision made, no matter what it is.

2019 will not be significantly different from 2018 or 2017, because it has a standard number of days - 365. Simply put, in the period described, you can safely get married, move to a new place of residence, travel, make unconventional decisions and not be afraid of bad influences from outside. A small clarification - every year, whether it is a leap year or not, brings with it not only joy and carefreeness, but also life’s adversities and difficulties. To cope with any adversity, it is enough to always remain in a good mood and illuminate this world with a radiant smile.

Every person has heard about the existence of a leap year. But few people know where this name came from, and how humanity has a certain limit of time, which in the future could be a whole year. Why leap years of the 21st century are considered unlucky and how they can be determined will be described in this review.

The generally accepted unit of time is the year.

During this period of time, the full seasonal cycle goes through:

spring;
summer;
autumn;
winter.

It is during this period of time that the Earth makes a complete revolution around the star the Sun. This action takes 365 full days and 6 hours. This time period is called the astronomical year. One day contains 24 hours. From the “extra” 6 hours of each year, an additional day is accumulated, falling every fourth year. This day falls on February 29th.

Important! Having a 29th day in February makes the year a leap year.

The unusual year owes its name to the Latin language, from which “Bicsextus” is literally translated as “second sixth.” In the Julian calendar, the “extra” number was the second 24. And since February was the last month of the year according to Caesar’s calendar, the extra day was added to it.

Julian and Gregorian calendars

Since the beginning of world history, humanity has known two types of calendars:

Julian;
Gregorian.

Starting from January 1, 45 BC, civilized humanity lived according to the Julian calendar, which was founded by Gaius Julius Caesar. According to this calendar, every third year was followed by a long year with 366 days.

The Romans believed that it took 365.25 days to complete a revolution of the planet around a celestial body, while the exact date is 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 46 seconds. It turns out that every year between the two equinoxes there is a difference of 11 minutes and 14 seconds.

Thus, over 128 years, one day has accumulated from these minutes, and over 16 centuries this figure has increased to 10. Under the Julian calendar, a leap year was considered to be any that was divisible by 100 or 200.

This continued until 1582, when the then-current Pope Gregory introduced a new calendar, where not only every fourth year is a leap year, but even one that is a multiple of 400. This, for example, was 2000.

One of the reasons why it was decided to change the calendar was Christian holidays, which were required to be celebrated at a certain time without shifting. Thus, Catholic Pope Gregory XIII proposed his own calendar, which was approved and adopted during the Ecumenical Council.

Answering the question of how to determine a leap year without having a table at hand, you should consider every second even year of the Gregorian calendar as such.

Since 1918, residents of our country began to use the Gregorian calendar. Since the transition to the Gregorian style, there has been a confusion of dates by 10 days, although still, the difference between the Gregorian and Julian calendars increases by 3 days every four centuries.

Leap years calendar

To know for sure and not wonder how to determine a leap year, you need to take into account this sign - the number of the year is divisible by 4, 100 and 400 without a remainder. If the number is divisible by 4,100, but not divisible by 400, then the year is not a leap year. Taking this information into account, you can easily determine the required years.

The reason for the bad fame of leap year

It must be admitted that if we did not have leap years, the seasons would regularly shift. Therefore, they help synchronize the Gregorian and astrological calendars, and prevent the seasons from shifting to other months.

But why a leap year is considered bad, you need to figure it out. Slavic culture has long had a negative attitude towards such years. An extra day in February was considered the cause of disasters and troubles.

Perhaps the reason for such dislike was that this time, February 29, according to Slavic beliefs, is subject to Kashchei-Chernobog, who commanded dark forces, sowing evil, death, disease and madness.

Often the ancient Russians associated leap day with Cassian, who was born on February 29th. Based on the legends, where he was assigned the role of a guard at the gates of Hell, a traitor cherub, a pupil of demons, etc., one can understand why this character was greatly feared and strongly cursed. The Russians were sure that Cassian had a negative influence on the whole year. There was a pestilence of livestock and poultry, crops in the fields were destroyed, and famine set in.

On February 29, people tried not to go out into the yard and keep their livestock and poultry locked up.

It is difficult to definitively answer why a leap year is considered bad. Some scientists claim that natural disasters and man-made disasters become more frequent during this period of time. Many individuals also rush to write off their individual troubles as just over a year later.

Historical facts are the following tragic events:

the collapse of the Byzantine Empire and the city of Constantinople occurs in the leap year 1204;
in 1232 the bloody Spanish Inquisition began;
the plague of the inhabitants of medieval Europe, which killed 1/3 of the population in 1400;
the terrible events of St. Bartholomew's Night in 1572;
the terrible tsunami in Japan in 1896 and the earthquake in China in 1556;
in 1908 everyone knew about the fall of the Tunguska meteorite, etc.

This list can be continued for a long time. These are the statistics that support most popular beliefs, superstitions and omens.

Good to know! Those newlyweds who dared to celebrate their wedding in a leap year were predicted to have a difficult family life.

List of leap years in the 21st century

In order to plan important events in your life, such as marriage, birth of children, change of profession, place of residence, etc., information about which leap years are in this century will be useful.

Leap years, list in the 20th century: 1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936, 1940, 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1972, 19 76, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996.

Leap years in our century: 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2028, 2032, 2036, 2040, 2044, 2048, 2052, 2056, 2060, 2064, 2068, 2072, 2076, 2080, 2084, 2088, 2092, 2096, 2100.

It is generally accepted that all years from February 29th bring troubles and are marked by tragic events. But, taking into account the information received, we can conclude that you should not pay too much attention to signs. Bad events and disasters happened at different times.

Some people, on the contrary, endow the leap year with mystical properties, and wonder why it is considered bad.

People born on February 29 consider themselves to be certain lucky and original people. They can celebrate their birthday only once every 4 years.

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Let's sum it up

A positive attitude and self-confidence form a powerful basis for important achievements in a person’s life, and small superstitions should not become an obstacle to achieving goals.